Meaning of Quran

Al-Hashr | The Exile

With the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Very-Merciful.

[59:1] Allah‘s purity has been proclaimed by all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth. And He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.

[59:2] He is the One who expelled the disbelievers of the People of the Book from their homes at the time of the first gathering. You did not expect that they would leave, and they deemed that their fortresses would protect them from Allah. But Allah came to them from where they did not expect, and cast fear in their hearts when they were spoiling their homes with their own hands and with the hands of the believers. So, learn a lesson, O you who have eyes to see.

[59:3] If Allah had not destined exile for them, He would have punished them in the world. And for them in the Hereafter is the torment of the Fire.

[59:4] That is because they were hostile to Allah and His Messenger. And whoever has hostility with Allah (must know that) Allah is severe in punishment.

[59:5] Whatever palm-trees you have cut down, or have left them standing on their roots, it was with Allah‘s permission, and so that He might disgrace the transgressors.

[59:6] And whatever fai‘ (left over property) Allah has passed on to His Messenger from them, you had not urged on your horses or camels for it, but Allah gives predominance to His messengers over whomsoever He wills, and Allah is Powerful over everything.

[59:7] Whatever fai‘ Allah has passed on to His Messenger from the people of the towns is for Allah and for the Messenger, and for the kinsmen and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarer, so that it may not circulate only between the rich among you. And whatever the Messenger gives you, take it, and whatever he forbids you from, abstain (from it). And fear Allah. Indeed Allah is severe in punishment.

[59:8] (And fai‘ is especially) for the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and properties, while they were seeking Allah‘s grace and pleasure, and were helping (the religion of) Allah and His Messenger. They are the truthful.

[59:9] And (fai‘ is also) for those who established themselves in the homeland (of Madinah) and in faith before the former ones (arrived in Madinah), who have love for those who emigrated to them, and do not feel in their hearts any ambition for what is given to the former ones (from fai‘), and give preference (to them) over themselves, even though they are in poverty. And those who are saved from the greed of their hearts are the successful.

[59:10] And (fai‘ is also) for those who came after them saying, ‘Our Lord, forgive us and those of our brothers who preceded us in faith, and do not place in our hearts any rancor against those who believe; Surely, Our Lord, you are Very-Kind, VeryMerciful’.

[59:11] Did you not see the hypocrites saying to their brothers from those of the people of the Book who are unbelievers, ‘If you are expelled, we will certainly go out with you, and we will never obey anyone about you. And if you are fought against, we will definitely help you’. Allah bears witness that they are pure liars.

[59:12] If they are expelled, they will not go out with them, and if they are fought against, they will not help them. And even if they help them, they will surely turn their backs, then they will not be helped.

[59:13] In fact, your fear in their hearts is greater than (that of) Allah. That is because they are a people who do not understand.

[59:14] They do not fight you, even assembled together, but in fortified towns, or from behind the walls. Their quarreling between themselves is severe. You think that they are united, while their hearts are divided. That is because they are a people who have no sense.

[59:15] The example (of Banu NaDir) is like those who were before them in the near past, who tasted the evil consequence of their conduct, and for them (in the Hereafter) there is a painful punishment.

[59:16]The example (of the hypocrites) is like the Shaitan when he says to a human being, ‘Become disbeliever’. then once he disbelieves, he says, ‘I disown you; I fear Allah, the Lord of the worlds’.

[59:17] So the end of both of them is that they will be in the Fire, living there forever. That is the punishment of the wrongdoers.

[59:18] O you who believe, fear Allah, and everybody must consider what he (or she) has sent ahead for tomorrow. And fear Allah. Surely Allah is fully aware of what you do.

[59:19] Do not be like those who forgot Allah, so He made them forget their own selves. Those are the sinners.

[59:20] The people of Hell and the people of Paradise are not equal. The people of Paradise are the successful.

[59:21] Had We sent down this Qur‘an to a mountain, you would have seen it humbled, burst apart out of awe for Allah. We cite such examples for people, so that they may ponder.

[59:22] He is Allah, besides whom there is no god, the Knower of the unseen and the seen. He is All-Merciful, Very-Merciful.

[59:23] He is Allah, besides whom there is no god, the Sovereign, the Supreme-In-Holiness, the Safe (from all defects), the GiverOf-Peace, the Guardian, the All-Mighty, the All-Repairer, the Sublime. Pure is Allah from what they associate with Him.

[59:24] He is Allah, the Creator, the Inventor, the Shaper. His are the Most Beautiful Names. His purity is proclaimed by all that is in the heavens and the earth, and He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.

Tafsir

Overview of Surah Al-Hashr

  1. Title and Position: Surah Al-Hashr is the 59th chapter of the Quran. The title “Al-Hashr” translates to “The Exile,” referring to the expulsion of the Jewish tribe Banu Nadir from Medina after their betrayal of the Muslim community.
  2. Verses and Structure: This surah contains 24 verses. It is notable for its recounting of the events surrounding the Banu Nadir’s exile, the consequences of their actions, and the broader spiritual and moral lessons derived from these events.
  3. Themes and Messages: Major themes include the divine support for the Muslim community, the importance of unity and obedience, the consequences of betrayal and hypocrisy, and the attributes of God.
  4. Significance in Islamic Thought: Surah Al-Hashr is significant for its insights into the dynamics of community relations in early Islam, the role of divine guidance in the success of the believers, and its profound descriptions of God’s attributes.

Detailed Explanation

  1. The Exile of Banu Nadir: The surah describes the expulsion of the Banu Nadir tribe from Medina, highlighting it as an act of divine justice for their breach of covenant and plotting against the Prophet Muhammad.
  2. Divine Support and Victory: It emphasizes the role of divine support in the victory of the Muslims over the Banu Nadir, underscoring the belief in God’s intervention on behalf of the faithful.
  3. Lessons on Unity and Obedience: Surah Al-Hashr calls on the Muslim community to maintain unity, obey God and His Messenger, and learn from the events that unfolded with the Banu Nadir.
  4. Consequences of Betrayal and Hypocrisy: The surah warns against betrayal and hypocrisy within the community, illustrating the negative outcomes for those who act against the collective interest and divine guidance.
  5. Attributes of God: The final verses of Surah Al-Hashr are a powerful enumeration of God’s attributes, serving as a reminder of His majesty, mercy, wisdom, and omnipotence.

FAQs

  1. Why is Surah Al-Hashr named “The Exile”?
    • The surah is named “Al-Hashr” because it deals with the expulsion (exile) of the Banu Nadir tribe as a consequence of their betrayal, serving as a pivotal event in the surah’s narrative.
  2. What does the surah teach about divine support and victory?
    • It teaches that divine support is pivotal to the victory and success of the believers, illustrating how faithfulness and adherence to divine commands lead to favorable outcomes.
  3. How does Surah Al-Hashr address community unity and obedience?
    • The surah underscores the importance of unity and obedience to God and His Messenger as foundational principles for a strong and faithful community, warning against the divisive effects of hypocrisy and betrayal.
  4. What are the key attributes of God mentioned in Surah Al-Hashr?
    • The surah concludes with a powerful description of God’s attributes, including His omniscience, omnipotence, creation, and mercy, intending to inspire awe, reverence, and devotion among believers.

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